I. Background of Track Detection Instruments

   With the rapid development and increase of domestic rail transit, in order to better ensure the safety of rail transit and facilitate the railway service department to better detect the geometric state, surface quality and stability of structural layout of the track, the market demand for track inspection instruments, as an important equipment for ensuring the safety of rail transit, is constantly and continuously increasing. New energy lithium batteries, with their advantages of high energy density, light weight, long cycle life and environmental friendliness, have gradually become the preferred solution for track detection instrument systems. This solution is designed to meet the application requirements of lithium batteries in track detection equipment projects, ensuring that lithium batteries provide safe, efficient and customized power solutions for track detection equipment.

II. Analysis of Equipment Demand Characteristics
1. Equipment application characteristics
▲ Equipment type: Detection operations in plain, mountainous, tunnel and other environments, etc.
▲ Working environment: Temperature range, from -40℃ to +70℃, high-temperature, high-humidity environments, etc.
▲ Power demand: Large continuous/peak power, long battery life, and the voltage platform generally adopts 12V or 24V and other voltage platforms.

2. Core requirements for lithium batteries
▲ High safety: Meets the requirements of high temperature, high humidity, explosion-proof, shock-proof and waterproof conditions of the detection equipment under harsh working conditions.
▲ Long cycle life: ≥500 times (80% capacity retention rate)
▲ Fast charging: Supports 1 to 2 hours of fast charging, suitable for high-intensity work.
▲ High-power discharge: The battery supports continuous high-current discharge, meeting the high-current requirements of high-power devices and ensuring their continuous and stable operation.
▲ Intelligent management: The BMS (Battery Management System) is equipped with functions such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, temperature protection, and fault diagnosis, making the battery more intelligent.
▲ Discharge temperature range: -40℃ to +70℃. In a low-temperature environment of -40℃, the battery's discharge efficiency is over 70%. A wider range of ambient temperature adaptability.
▲ Charging temperature: -20 ℃ to +50℃ range, with a wider adaptability to environmental temperatures.

III. Scheme Design
1. Battery selection
▲ Cell types: Ternary lithium batteries (ultra-low temperature, high energy density, high safety), lithium iron phosphate batteries (ultra-low temperature, high safety, long life), sodium-ion batteries (high safety, long life, good low-temperature performance). Different system cells are selected and matched according to different application scenarios.
▲ Battery combination configuration structure: Series and parallel schemes are designed based on the required voltage and capacity of the equipment to meet the requirements of different output voltage platforms.
▲ Structural design: IP65-IP68 protection grade, shock-resistant structure, explosion-proof enclosure (suitable for extreme environments or flammable and explosive environments).

2. BMS Management System
Core functions:
▲ Real-time monitoring of the voltage, temperature, SOC (State of Charge), and SOH (State of Health) of individual battery cells.
▲ The battery charging active balancing technology enhances the consistency of usage among battery cells and extends the lifespan of the battery pack.
▲ The I2C/SMBUS/CAN/RS485 communication interface enables data interaction and communication with the main control system of the equipment.
▲ The Coulomb computing method makes the battery SOC more accurate and the battery smarter.

3. Charging solution
▲ Charging equipment: Customized smart charger/charger/charging cabinet, supporting constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) charging.
▲ Charging strategy: Select fast charging or slow charging mode based on the working conditions to prevent battery overload.
▲ Intelligent control and management: Based on the technical performance characteristics of the battery, the battery charging process and fault diagnosis are intelligently controlled.

IV. Safety and Compliance
1. Safety protection
▲ Thermal management: By adopting a reasonable structural layout, thermal runaway is reduced. Air cooling/liquid cooling systems can be used (for high-power scenarios) to ensure the uniformity of battery usage temperature and effectively control battery thermal runaway.
▲ Fault protection: Multiple hardware protection mechanisms such as overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, overcurrent, and over-temperature.
▲ Fault protection: Multiple hardware protection mechanisms such as short circuit, overcurrent, and over-temperature.
▲ Explosion-proof certification: The design can pass various safety regulations certifications.

2. Standard compliance
▲ It complies with national standards such as GB31241-2022 (Safety Technical Specification for Lithium-ion Batteries and Battery Packs for Portable Electronic Products), GB 17761-2024 (Safety Technical Specification for Electric Bicycles), GB/T 34131 (Lithium Batteries for Power Storage), GB 38031 (Safety Requirements for Batteries for Electric Vehicles), etc.
▲ How to obtain domestic and international certifications: GB certification, UN38.3 certification, UL certification, IEC certification, CE certification and other various certification requirements.

V. Project Implementation Plan

VI. Economic Benefit Analysis
In terms of cost
▲ The initial investment in lithium battery track detection instruments is 40% to 60% lower than that in manual long-term physical detection.
2. Energy-saving benefits:
▲ The detection efficiency of the instrument is much higher than that of manual experience-based detection, significantly reducing personnel consumption.
3. Maintenance cost:
▲ Maintenance-free design, easy to replace, and reduces the cost of manual inspection.

VII. After-sales Service
1. Warranty period: 1 to 5 years of after-sales warranty, with a lifespan of over 500 to 800 cycles (whichever comes first).
2. Remote monitoring: According to the actual demand status, the cloud platform provides real-time monitoring of the battery status and early warning of potential faults.
3. Emergency Response: Respond within 4 hours, provide solutions within 8 hours, and offer on-site technical support within 24 to 48 hours.

Hint:
▲ The plan needs to be refined based on specific equipment parameters (such as voltage, capacity, and size limitations).
▲ If special environments (such as mountains and plateaus) are involved, corresponding protective designs need to be added.
▲ It is recommended to conduct joint debugging with the equipment manufacturer to ensure the compatibility of the battery with the entire machine system.