I. Background of Photovoltaic Energy Storage for Civilian Consumption
   Civil consumer energy storage, as a technology that stores electrical energy for household or personal use, is gradually coming into the public eye and playing an increasingly important role in the global energy transition wave.

Current market situation
▲ From a global market perspective, civilian consumer energy storage is showing a vigorous development trend. Europe, the United States, Japan and Australia are the world's largest household energy storage markets. In 2022, their combined installed capacity accounted for approximately 60%. Among them, the new installed capacity of household energy storage in Europe in 2022 was 5.68gwh, accounting for as high as 36.4% of the global market. This is mainly attributed to the relatively high electricity price level in the local area, policy support for the utilization of renewable energy, and residents' pursuit of energy autonomy and stability. Significant advantages
▲ Save on electricity bills: Charging the energy storage battery pack during off-peak hours and using it during peak or flat hours to meet daily needs can reduce electricity bills by half or even more, helping household users save a considerable amount of money.
▲ Energy self-sufficiency: By integrating renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic panels, home energy storage systems can store excess electricity for use at night or on rainy days, increasing the energy self-sufficiency rate and reducing reliance on traditional power grids.
▲ Emergency backup: In the event of power failures or natural disasters, the household storage system can serve as a backup power source to ensure the normal operation of key household appliances such as refrigerators and lighting equipment, and to guarantee that the basic life of the family is not affected.
▲ Stabilizing the power grid: Household energy storage systems can store electricity when the grid load is low and release it during peak demand periods, which helps balance the grid load, enhance the overall reliability of power supply, and alleviate the pressure on the power grid.

▲ Technological innovation: Battery technology is constantly advancing. In the future, the energy density of lithium batteries will further increase, costs will continue to decrease, and safety will also be better guaranteed. Meanwhile, the intelligent management system will be more complete. Users can monitor and manage energy storage devices more conveniently through mobile phone apps and other means.

   New energy lithium batteries, with their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and environmental friendliness, have gradually become the preferred solution for civil consumer energy storage systems. This solution is designed to meet the application requirements of lithium batteries in civil consumer energy storage system equipment projects, ensuring that lithium batteries can provide safe, efficient and customized power solutions for their equipment in special fields.

II. Analysis of Equipment Demand Characteristics
1. Equipment application characteristics
▲ Equipment types: Household emergency reserve power supply, outdoor backup power supply, etc.
▲ Working environment: Temperature range, from -40℃ to +70℃, high temperature, extremely cold, high humidity environment, etc.
▲ Power demand: Large continuous/peak power, long battery life, and the voltage platform generally adopts high-voltage platforms such as 12V or 24V.

2. Core requirements for lithium batteries
High security: Mature and standardized technology, with minimal environmental impact, etc.
▲ Long cycle life: ≥2000 times (80% capacity retention rate).
▲ Fast charging: Supports 1 to 2 hours of fast charging, suitable for high-intensity work.
▲ High-power discharge: The battery supports continuous high-current discharge, meeting the high-current requirements of high-power devices and ensuring their continuous and stable operation.
▲ Intelligent management: The BMS (Battery Management System) is equipped with functions such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, temperature protection, and fault diagnosis, making the battery more intelligent.
▲ Discharge temperature range: -40℃ to +70℃. In a low-temperature environment of -40℃, the battery's discharge efficiency is over 70%. A wider range of ambient temperature adaptability.
▲ Charging temperature: -20 ℃ to +50℃ range, with a wider adaptability to environmental temperatures.

III. Scheme Design
1. Battery selection
▲ Cell types: Ternary lithium batteries (ultra-low temperature, high energy density, high safety), lithium iron phosphate batteries (ultra-low temperature, high safety, long life), sodium-ion batteries (high safety, long life, good low-temperature performance). Different system cells are selected and matched according to different application scenarios.
▲ Battery combination configuration structure: Series and parallel schemes are designed based on the required voltage and capacity of the equipment to meet the requirements of different output voltage platforms.
▲ Structural design: IP65 to IP68 protection grade, shock-resistant structure, explosion-proof enclosure (suitable for extreme environments or flammable and explosive environments).

2. BMS Management System
Core functions:
▲ Real-time monitoring of the voltage, temperature, SOC (State of Charge), and SOH (State of Health) of individual battery cells.
▲ The battery charging active balancing technology enhances the consistency of usage among battery cells and extends the lifespan of the battery pack.
▲ The I2C/SMBUS/CAN/RS485 communication interface enables data interaction and communication with the main control system of the equipment.
▲ The Coulomb computing method makes the battery SOC more accurate and the battery smarter.

3. Charging solution
▲ Charging equipment: Customized smart charger/solar photovoltaic, supporting constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) charging.
▲ Charging strategy: Select fast charging or slow charging mode based on the working conditions to prevent battery overload.
▲ Intelligent control and management: Based on the technical performance characteristics of the battery, the battery charging process and fault diagnosis are intelligently controlled.

IV. Safety and Compliance
1. Safety protection
▲ Thermal management: By adopting a reasonable structural layout, thermal runaway is reduced. Air cooling/liquid cooling systems can be used (for high-power scenarios) to ensure temperature uniformity during battery use and effectively control battery thermal runaway.
▲ Fault protection: Multiple hardware protection mechanisms such as overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit, overcurrent, and over-temperature.
▲ Fault protection: Multiple hardware protection mechanisms such as short circuit, overcurrent, and over-temperature.
▲ Explosion-proof certification: The design can pass various safety regulations certifications.

2. Standard compliance
▲ It complies with national standards such as GB31241-2022 (Safety Technical Specification for Lithium-ion Batteries and Battery Packs for Portable Electronic Products), GB 17761-2024 (Safety Technical Specification for Electric Bicycles), GB/T 34131 (Lithium Batteries for Power Storage), GB 38031 (Safety Requirements for Batteries for Electric Vehicles), etc.
▲ How to obtain domestic and international certifications: GB certification, UN38.3 certification, UL certification, IEC certification, CE certification and other various certification requirements;

V. Project Implementation Plan

VI. Economic Benefit Analysis
1.In terms of cost
▲ The initial investment in the early development stage is relatively large, which gives it an absolute advantage in terms of long-term usage costs.
2. Energy-saving benefits:
▲ It can increase the self-sufficiency rate of energy, balance peak and valley loads, optimize electricity charges, and reduce the pressure on the power grid.
3. Maintenance cost:
▲ The long service life of equipment leads to cost dilution, and intelligent operation and maintenance reduces labor costs.

VII. After-sales Service
1. Warranty period: 1 to 5 years of after-sales warranty, with a lifespan of 500 to 2,000 cycles or more (whichever comes first).
2. Remote monitoring: According to the actual demand status, the cloud platform provides real-time monitoring of the battery status and early warning of potential faults.
3. Emergency Response: Respond within 4 hours, provide solutions within 8 hours, and offer on-site technical support within 24 to 48 hours.

Hint:
▲ The plan needs to be refined based on specific equipment parameters (such as voltage, capacity, and size limitations).
▲ It is recommended to conduct joint debugging with the equipment manufacturer to ensure that the battery is compatible with the entire machine system